Trends In Economic Botany: The Rising Use Of Herbal Supplements :: Botany

Patterns In Economic Botany: The Rising Use Of Herbal Supplements The utilization of home grown solutions for treat medical issues in people is a custom that goes back numerous hundreds of years. A forerunner to present day, Western pharmaceuticals, customary healers utilized herbs to treat a wide scope of diseases and burdens. While many know about their utilization by American Indians, the act of home grown treatment goes back to old Chinese and Egyptian healers. Herbs were utilized in antiquated occasions to treat anything from cerebral pains (with willow bark tea, presently a functioning fixing in headache medicine) to fever and premenstrual condition (with chamomile). During a time of present day pharmaceuticals and their prepared accessibility in Western culture, it is anything but difficult to overlook that around 40% of the present current medications are delivered with synthetic concoctions got from plants (Counter 1998). In a pattern inversion that has the cutting edge clinical network frightened and astounded, the deals of home grown cures in the Untied States has expanded drastically. Generally, Europe has been the biggest market for home grown cures, representing 45% or $7.5 billion in deals for 1997 (Scimone and Scimone 1998). Inside Europe, Germany rules the market with deals of $3.6 billion, trailed by France ($1.8 billion), Italy ($800 million) and the United Kingdom ($300 million) (Scimone and Scimone 1998). Development in the European market was anticipated to be 5-10% in 1998-1999 and 15-20% in 1999-2000 (Scimone and Scimone 1998). The European market has gotten positively settled in the course of recent years, with an unobtrusive development rate until ongoing years that has demonstrated another upward pattern. The United States advertise is a totally unique story. The home grown industry has advanced exponentially in the course of recent years, with critical section into the mass market inside the previous two years (Botanicals International 1998). Deals of home grown enhancements came to $4 billion out of 1998, up from $1.6 billion out of 1994 , an ascent of 250% (American Botanical Council 1998). Deals have been anticipated to increment between 50-100% in 1998-99 and between 20-25% in 2000-01(Scimone and Scimone 1998). What has caused this emotional increment? While an article in the New England Journal of Medicine (1998) accused this inversion to unreasonable methodologies on bafflement with the regularly rushed and indifferent consideration conveyed by traditional doctors, it is likewise seen as the monetary impact of the maturing people born after WW2. As they have gotten more seasoned, this age has become more wellbeing cognizant and progressively disappointed with regular medication in their endeavors to reduce the antagonistic impacts of maturing (Brenneman 1999).

Through the Eyes of a Child free essay sample

Through the Eyes of a Child Why are a few people critical towards others? Regardless of whether we judge on race, sex, or something as basic as age, making a decision about causes anguish as well as can leave passionate scars individuals never recoup from. Bigotry is one of the most well-known of critical structures despite everything seen today in our general public. Albeit today we don't discover bigotry as noticeable as, thinking back to the 1920s and 1930s. When perusing the story â€Å"The Angel of the Candy Counter† composed by Maya Angelou, we can see the harm of bigotry from a child’s view, and how she managed the involvement with request to effectively permit us to comprehend the negative intensity of prejudice. Because of Angelou fusing techniques, for example, ethos, poignancy, stunning words, and even dreams to bring out exceptional feelings she can interface with her crowd. Unmistakably Angelou composes as though she is addressing a wide scope of crowd. She promptly opens recounting to an account of a kid feeling just as she is being rebuffed with a toothache: â€Å"The Angel of the Candy Counter had discovered me finally, and was demanding horrendous atonement for all the taken Milky Ways, Mounds, Mr. Goodbars and Hersheys with Almonds† (146). Angelou later states, â€Å"It appears to be frightfully uncalled for to have a toothache and a cerebral pain and need to hold up under simultaneously the overwhelming weight of Blackness† (147). With these two explanations we can finish up she is concentrating on youngsters and ethnic minorities, for both can set up a shared opinion with what they are perusing. Then again, she accentuates the bigotry being depicted by white individuals, and with this we can close she is attempting to show how demonstrations of prejudice influence others wanting to open the eyes of her white crowd to the issue. In spite of the fact that, as a result of the wide scope of crowd that will peruse her story, particularly her white crowd, Angelou may need to recollect whether she isn't cautious with her wording, she may estrange or outrage her perusers in the incorrect manner which may overcome her goal. The immediate reason for â€Å"The Angel of the Candy Counter† is to permit Angelou, inside a story setting, to pull on our heart strings, unsettle up our otherwise calm disposition as it were, or even displeasure us so as to give a knowledge of how disparaging and putting down bigotry is. Angelou gives us how changing reality into dream empowers her to manage the dismissal of the white dental specialist. She shows fulfillment in fantasizing how her grandma faced the dental specialists as opposed to permitting him the option to betray them. Angelou’s dream depicts how her grandma â€Å"walked in that room as though she possessed it† (148), and continued to tell the dental specialist how he would leave town and never practice dentistry again. This would be equity given to what Angelou calls â€Å"the insidious white man† (149). At a certain point or another we ourselves may have discovered the utilization of getting away into dream so as to manage our torments. The way Angelou utilizes dream empowers us to interface with her and makes a shared opinion. Angelou’s motivation behind ethos is to additionally build up a shared opinion among herself and her perusers, for instance, â€Å"Annie, you know I don’t treat nigra, hued people† (148). Utilizing this explanatory system, Angelou gives her crowd the feeling of estrangement and embarrassment she felt, her involvement in the dental specialist, and his demonstrations of prejudice. This is significant on account of the expansive scope of crowd she is addressing. She depends essentially on the expectation we at once or another have encountered some type of estrangement or embarrassment in our lives. This structures a shared belief relationship, builds up respectability of her insight into realizing her crowds own encounters, and helps in making a common trust between her crowd and herself. The utilization of tenderness permits Angelou to effectively summon an enthusiastic reaction in her crowd, regardless of whether she makes outrage, feel sorry for, the sentiment of shamefulness, or down-right disfavor she needs to attract us closer to the sentiments of her own inadequacy as a youthful dark kid. Angelou notes, â€Å"If one was kicking the bucket, it must be done in style if the perishing occurred in whitefolks’ part of town† (147). Angelou utilizes this talk, passing on to us how a dark individual must present themselves within the sight of a white individual. Another way Angelou depicts her sentiments of inadequacy, among white individuals, is standing out she subtleties how charming the white people’s part of town is, for example, â€Å"The rock street was smoother, the stones littler and the tree limbs hung down around the way and almost secured us† (147). While perusing these announcements Angelou’s grown-up crowd for instance, more so then others, may feel rankled by the acknowledgment of a little youngster being compelled to feel immaterial and contemptible. She can utilize the image of a youngster, realizing grown-ups will in general shield kids from sentiments of despondency. In doing as such, she has caused an association with her grown-up crowd by blending them to up sincerely in a security mode. Angelou can utilize this association as a guide in achieving her purpose behind composition. In utilizing stunning language all through her story, Angelou allows her crowd to sympathize with her agony in an increasingly significant way for instance, â€Å"Annie, my arrangement is I’d preferably stick my turn in a dog’s mouth over a nigger’s† (148). Utilizing these solid words empowers Angelou to show how the most excruciating of toothaches can't come close to the weight of being dark. These words are intentionally planned to incite outrage and a feeling of mistrust in order to by and by interface with Angelou on a more profound level. Angelou needs her crowd to recognize the agony she feels and all the more so recognize how awful prejudice is. Now, we may now ask ourselves, for what reason are a few people critical towards others? This is an inquiry with no simple or positive answer. We can just hypothesize that possibly it is some type of feeling of inadequacy which causes them to feel they have to put down others to improve their own sentiments of prevalence. In spite of the fact that, our general public anyway has figured out how to decrease the passes up our development of acknowledgment towards one another, there are the individuals who despite everything have far to go.

Can Marijuana Help Your Bipolar Disorder

Can Marijuana Help Your Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Treatment Print Can Marijuana Help Your Bipolar Disorder? By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 09, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Deux / The Image Bank / Getty Images Award-winning mental health journalist and author,  John McManamy, wrote a thoughtful blog about the implications of medical marijuana as a treatment for bipolar. Its reasonable to think that the risks outweigh any possible benefits, but the topic is certainly worth discussing. Since both bipolar depression and mania can have psychotic features, there is some evidence that even medical marijuana use might have negative effects in people with bipolar disorder.?? Studies Show Links to Worse Outcomes Medical research shows that cannabis use in people with psychosis is associated with an earlier age of their first psychotic episode. Its also associated with manic symptoms and problems thinking.?? In one study, patients who quit using marijuana or reduced its use following their first psychotic episode had the greatest improvement in symptoms at the one-year mark, compared both to continuing cannabis users and people who had never used cannabis.??  Long-term cannabis use may have a negative effect on long-term clinical outcomes for those with bipolar spectrum disorders, as well. A 2015 study found lower bipolar disorder remission rates for current regular cannabis users (those who used it three times a week or more often) and those who regularly smoke tobacco when compared to people who dont use either substance. That study, which lasted two years, concluded that regular marijuana users who also have bipolar didnt do as well long-term as people who didnt use the drug.?? Another study looked at the short-term effects of cannabis use in people with bipolar disorder  and concluded that the drug was associated with both manic and depressive symptoms. However, that study couldnt find evidence that people with bipolar were using cannabis to self-medicate on a regular basis.?? Now, none of these studies prove that cannabis is actually causing these problems in people with bipolarâ€"they just show an association between marijuana use and problems. But you should factor this information into your thinking when deciding whether or not to use cannabis. Substance Abuse Risk With Marijuana All drugs have risks and side effects, and cannabis is no exception. Substance abuse can be quite prevalent among those with bipolar disorder. People have used alcohol and drugs to try to control their systems in great numbers  and may reduce their likelihood of successful treatment of their bipolar as a result. By using marijuana to self-medicate for bipolar disorder, you run the risk of gaining a second diagnosis in addition to your bipolar diagnosis: substance abuse (Substance use disorder).

Battle of Ligny During the Napoleonic Wars

The Battle of Ligny was fought on June 16, 1815, during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Heres a summary of the event. Battle of Ligney Background Having crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte embarked on a decade of campaigning which saw him win victories at places such as Austerlitz, Wagram, and Borodino. Finally defeated and forced to abdicate in April 1814, he accepted exile on Elba under the terms of the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In the wake of Napoleons defeat, the European powers convened the Congress of Vienna to outline the postwar world. Unhappy in exile, Napoleon escaped and landed in France on March 1, 1815. Marching to Paris, he built an army as he traveled with soldiers flocking to his banner. Declared an outlaw by the Congress of Vienna, Napoleon worked to consolidate power as Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Russia formed the Seventh Coalition to prevent his return. Armies and Commanders Prussians Field Marshal Gebhard von Blà ¼cher84,000 men French Napoleon Bonaparte68,000 men Napoleons Plan Assessing the strategic situation, Napoleon concluded that a swift victory was required before the Seventh Coalition could fully mobilize its forces against him. To achieve this, he sought to destroy the Duke of Wellingtons coalition army south of Brussels before turning east to defeat Field Marshal Gebhard von Blà ¼chers approaching Prussian army. Moving north, Napoleon divided his Armee du Nord (Army of the North) in three giving command of the left-wing to Marshal Michel Ney, the right-wing to Marshal Emmanuel de Grouchy, while retaining personal command of a reserve force. Understanding that if Wellington and Blà ¼cher united they would have the power to crush him, he crossed the border at Charleroi on June 15 with the intention of defeating the two coalition armies in detail. That same day, Wellington began directing his forces to move towards Quatre Bras while Blà ¼cher concentrated at Sombreffe. Determining the Prussians to pose a more immediate threat, Napoleon directed Ney to seize Quatre Bras while he moved with the reserves to reinforce Grouchy. With both coalition armies defeated, the road to Brussels would be open. The next day, Ney spent the morning forming his men while Napoleon joined Grouchy at Fleurus. Making his headquarters at the windmill of Brye, Blà ¼cher deployed Lieutenant-General Graf von Zietens I Corps to defend a line running through the villages of Wagnelà ©e, Saint-Amand, and Ligny. This formation was supported by Major General George Ludwig von Pirchs II Corps to the rear. Extending east from I Corps left was Lieutenant General Johann von Thielemanns III Corps which covered Sombreffe and the armys line of retreat. As the French approached on the morning on June 16, Blà ¼cher directed II and III Corps to send troops to reinforce Zietens lines. Napoleon Attacks To dislodge the Prussians, Napoleon intended to send forward General Dominique Vandammes III Corps and General Étienne Gà ©rards IV Corps against the villages while Grouchy was to advance on Sombreffe. Hearing artillery fire coming from Quatre Bras, Napoleon commenced his attack around 2:30 PM. Striking Saint-Amand-la-Haye, Vandammes men carried the village in heavy fighting. Their hold proved brief as a determined counterattack by Major General Carl von Steinmetz reclaimed it for the Prussians. Fighting continued to swirl around Saint-Amand-Haye through the afternoon with Vandamme again taking possession. As the loss of the village threatened his right flank, Blà ¼cher directed part of II Corps to attempt to envelop Saint-Amand-le-Haye. Moving forward, Pirchs men were blocked by Vandamme in front of Wagnelà ©e. Arriving from Brye, Blà ¼cher took personal control of the situation and directed a strong effort against Saint-Amand-le-Haye. Striking the battered French, this assa ult secured the village. Fighting Rages As fighting raged to the west, Gà ©rards men hit Ligny at 3:00 PM. Enduring heavy Prussian artillery fire, the French penetrated the town but were ultimately driven back. A subsequent assault culminated in bitter house-to-house fighting which resulted in the Prussians maintaining their hold on Ligny. Around 5:00 PM, Blà ¼cher directed Pirch to deploy the bulk of II Corps south of Brye. At the same time, a degree of confusion struck the French high command as Vandamme reported seeing a large enemy force approaching Fleurus. This actually was Marshal Comte dErlons I Corps marching in from Quatre Bras as requested by Napoleon. Unaware of Napoleons orders, Ney recalled dErlon before he reached Ligny and I Corps played no role in the fighting. The confusion caused by this created a break which allowed Blà ¼cher to order II Corps into action. Moving against the French left, Pirchs corps was stopped by Vandamme and General Guillaume Duhesmes Young Guard Division. The Prussians Break Around 7:00 PM, Blà ¼cher learned that Wellington was heavily engaged at Quatre Bras and would be unable to send aid. Left on this own, the Prussian commander sought to end the fighting with a strong attack against the French left. Assuming personal oversight, he reinforced Ligny before massing his reserves and launching an assault against Saint-Amand. Though some ground was gained, French counterattacks forced the Prussians to begin retreating. Reinforced by General Georges Moutons VI Corps, Napoleon began assembling a massive strike against the enemy center. Opening a bombardment with sixty guns, he ordered troops forward around 7:45 PM. Overwhelming the tired Prussians, the attack broke through Blà ¼chers center. To halt the French, Blà ¼cher directed his cavalry forward. Leading a charge, he was incapacitated after having his horse shot. The Prussian cavalry was soon halted by their French counterparts. Aftermath Assuming command, Lieutenant-General August von Gneisenau, Blà ¼chers chief of staff, ordered a retreat north to Tilly after the French broke through at Ligny around 8:30 PM. Conducting a controlled retreat, the Prussians were not pursued by the exhausted French. Their situation improved quickly as the newly-arrived IV Corps deployed as a strong rearguard at Wavre which allowed a rapidly-recovering Blà ¼cher to reassemble his army. In the fighting at the Battle of Ligny, the Prussians sustained around 16,000 casualties while French losses numbered around 11,500. Though a tactical victory for Napoleon, the battle failed to mortally wound Blà ¼chers army or drive it to a location from which it could no longer support Wellington. Forced to fall back from Quatre Bras, Wellington assumed a defensive position where on June 18 he engaged Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. In heavy fighting, he won a decisive victory with the aid of the Blà ¼chers Prussians which arrived in the afternoo n.

Discussion Research On Parent Involvement Essay - 805 Words

Prior Research on Parent Involvement in Education Before turning to our qualitative study of parent involvement in urban char - ter schools, the following sections outline the prior research on the benefits of parent involvement, the barriers to involvement that exist, and the potential of the charter school context to reduce these barriers. Benefits of Parent Involvement Decades of research point to the numerous benefits of parent involvement in education for not only students but also for the parents involved, the school, and the wider community (Barnard, 2004; Epstein, 2001; Fan Chen, 2001; Henderson Mapp, 2002; Jeynes, 2003, 2007; Lee Bowen, 2006). De - spite the challenges in establishing a causal link between parent involvement and student achievement, studies utilizing large databases have shown positive and significant effects of parent involvement on both academic and behavioral outcomes (Fan Chen, 2001; Jeynes, 2003, 2007). For example, research has found that parent involvement is related to a host of student achievement indi - cators, including better grades, attendance, attitudes, expectations, homework completion, and state test results (Astone McLanahan, 1991; Cancio, West, Young, 2004; Dearing, McCartney, Weiss, Kreider, Simpkins, 2004; Gut - man Midgley, 2000; Izzo, Weissberg, Kasprow, Fendrich, 1999; Senechal LeFevre, 2002; Sheldon, 2003). Additional academic outcomes such as lower dropout rates (Rumberger, 1995), fewerShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Parenting Styles And Practices Globally1302 Words   |  6 Pagesstyles and practices globally. The attitude and response of parents to various parenting practices is based on the knowledge or information they are exposed to or available to them. This study intends to examine the influence of education on parent’s involvement in raising their children especially outside of school. 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Sanitation of Rooms and Equipments (Microbiology) Free Essays

There are Four Methods that conducted on the laboratories in order to detect the presence of microorganisms. There are Rodac Method, Swab Method, Rinse Method, and lastly Open Dish Method and it will be discussed in detail below. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Sanitation of Rooms and Equipments (Microbiology) or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 1 Rodac Method The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure is to describe a program that will adequately measure the efficacy of disinfection of Rooms and equipment in each laboratory, RODAC plates can detect the presence or absence of live microorganisms (Longree and Armbruster 1996). This Method is used to monitor the contamination level of personnel gowns and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) before or during manufacturing production. The advantages of the RODAC method are that it may be prepared and stored for weeks prior to use (Harrigan 1986). Additional advantages of the RODAC method include relatively low cost, consistent and precise recovery, effective use by personnel without extensive training, and the elimination of laboratory manipulation after sampling (Marriott and Gravani 2006). On the other hand, the disadvantages of this method are the spreading of the colonies and applicable to only limited to low levels of surface contaminants. 2. 1. 2 Swab Method The Swab method is among the most Reproducible Methods used to determine the population of microorganisms present on equipment or food products (Marriott and Gravani 2006). It may be used to assess the amount of contamination from the air, water, surfaces, facilities and food products. By using this technique the equipment surfaces, facilities and food products which to be analyzed are swabbed. The swab are diluted in a dilutant such as peptone water or phosphate buffer, according to the anticipated amount of contamination and subsequently applied to a growth medium containing agar in a sterile, covered plate (David, Richard and R. 2004). There are many advantages to the cotton swab method. These include the ease with which any health care provider can procure the necessary items: a CTA or culturette transport medium (Longree and Armbruster 1996). In addition, the method requires little expertise, with minimal training time required, and very little time required to actually perform the procedure. On the other hand, Disadvantages of the swab method are that sampling and technique can affect the results and that the method requires manipulation to culture the sample. Swabs are designed for hard-to-reach places, and can fit easily into equipment recesses, nooks, and crevices (Tamime 2008). After collection of the sample, it is recommended that a standard membrane filtration of the rinse solution be conducted. 2. 1. 3 Rinse Method The Rinse Method use elution of contamination by rinsing to permit a microbial assay of the resultant suspension (Forsythe 2008). A sterile fluid is manually or mechanically agitated over an entire surface. The rinse fluid then diluted and subsequently plated, this method are more precise compared to the swab method, because a larger surface area can be tested (David, Richard and R. 2004). While the disadvantages is that it requires time and labor to prepare solutions and media, dilute samples, pour plate samples, and count colony-forming units on the plates. 2. 1. 4 Open Dish Method The principle behind this method is that the bacteria carrying particles are allowed to settle onto the medium for a given period of time and incubated at the required temperature. A count of colonies formed shows the number of settled bacteria containing particles (David, Richard and R. 2004). In this method petri dishes containing an agar medium of known surface area are selected so that the agar surface is dry without any moisture. Choice of the medium depends upon the kind of microorganisms to be enumerated. For an overall count of pathogenic, commensal and saprophytic bacteria in air blood agar can be used (Longree and Armbruster 1996). For detecting a particular pathogen which may be present in only small numbers, an appropriate selective medium may be used. Malt extract agar can be used for molds. The plates are labeled appropriately about the place and time of sampling, duration of exposure etc. Then the plates are uncovered in the selected position for the required period of time. The optimal duration of exposure should give a significant and readily countable number of well isolated colonies, for example about 30-100 colonies (McLandsborough 2003). Usually it depends on the dustiness of air being sampled. In occupied rooms and hospital wards the time would generally be between 10 to 60 ‘minutes (McLandsborough 2003). During sampling it is better to keep the plates about I meter above the ground. Immediately after exposure for the given period of time, the plates are closed with the lids. Then the plates are incubated for 24 hours at 37Â °C for aerobic bacteria and for 3 days at 22Â °C for saprophytic bacteria (McLandsborough 2003). 2. 2 Group of microbes that often exist in the room and equipment The normal tendency of a microbial cell when it comes in contact with a solid surface is to attach itself to the surface in an effort to compete ef? ciently with other microbial cells for space and nutrient supply and to resist any unfavorable environ-mental conditions (Adams and Moss 2000). Under suitable conditions, almost all microbial cells can attach to solid surfaces, which are achieved through their ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides. As the cells multiply, they form micro colonies, giving rise to a bio? lm on the surface containing microbial cells, extracellular polysaccharide glycocalyx, and entrapped debris. In some situations, instead of forming a bio? lm, the cells may attach to contact surfaces and other cells by thin, thread like exopolysaccharide materials, also called ? mbriae (Lappin-Scott and J. 1995). Attachment of microorganisms on solid surfaces has several implications on the overall microbiological quality of food. Microbial attachment to and bio? lm formation on solid surfaces provide some protection of the cells against physical removal of the cells by washing and cleaning. These cells seem to have greater resistance to sanitizers and heat. Thus, spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms attached to food surfaces, such as carcasses, ? sh, meat, and cut fruits and vegetables, cannot be easily removed by washing, and later they can multiply and reduce the safety and stability of the foods (Hui 2003). Similarly, microbial cells attached to a culture broth. These places, in turn, can be a constant source of undesirable microorganisms to foods handled in the environment. The concept and importance of microbial attachment and bio? lm formation in solid food, equipment, and food environments are now being recognized (Loken 1995). Limited studies have shown that under suitable conditions, many of the microorganisms important in food can form a bio? lm. Several species and strains of Pseudomonas were found to attach to stainless steel surfaces, some within 30 min at 25oC to 2 hour at 4oC (Stanga 2009). Listeria monocytogenes was found to attach to stainless steel, glass, and rubber surfaces within 20 min of contact. Attachment of several pathogenic and spoilage bacteria has also been demonstrated on meat and carcasses of poultry, beef, pork, and lamb (Stanga 2009). The microorganisms found to attach to meat surfaces include Lis. monocytogenes, Micrococcus spp. , Staphylococcus spp. , Clostridium spp. , Bacillusspp. , Lactobacillus spp. , Brochothrix thermosphacta, Salmonella spp. , Escherichiacoli, Serratia spp. , and Pseudomonas spp (Tamime 2008). It is apparent from the limited data that microbial attachment to solid food and food contact surfaces is quite wide and needs to be considered in controlling the microbiological quality of food. Several possible mechanisms by which microbial cells attach and form a bio? lm on solid surfaces have been suggested. One suggestion is that the attachment occurs in two stages. In the ? rst stage, which is reversible, a cell is held to the surface by weak forces (Cramer 2006). In the second stage, a cell produces complex polysaccharide molecules to attach its outer surface to the surface of a food or equipment, and the process is irreversible. A three-step process that includes adsorption, consolidation, and colonization has been suggested by others (Cramer 2006). In the reversible adsorption stage, which can occur in 20 min, the cells attach loosely to the surface. During the consolidation stage, the microorganisms produce threadlike exopolysaccharides ? mbriae and ? rmly attach the cells to the surface. At this stage, the cells cannot be removed by rinsing (Marriott and Gravani 2006). In the colonization stage, which is also irreversible, the complex polysaccharides may bind to metal ions on equipment surfaces and the cells may metabolize products that can damage the surfaces. The level of attachment of microorganisms to food-processing equipment surfaces is found to be directly related to contact time. As the contact time is prolonged, more cells attach to the surface, the size of the microcolony increases, and attachment between cells increases (Loken 1995). Fimbriae formation by the cells occurs faster at optimum temperature and pH of growth. Limited studies also showed that when microorganisms such as Pseudomonas fragi and Lis. monocytogenes are grown together, they form a more complex bio? lm than when either is grown separately (Stanga 2009). Bibliography Adams, M. R. , and M. O. Moss. Food Microbiology. Winnipeg: Royal Society Of chemistry, 2000. Cramer, Michael M. Food Plant Sanitation: Design, Maintenance, and Good Manufacturing Practices. New York: CRC Press, 2006. David, McSwane, Linton Richard, and Rue Nancy R. Essentials of Food Safety and Sanitation. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004. Entis, Phyllis. Food Safety: Old Habits and New Perspectives. ASM Press, 2007. Forsythe, Stephen J. The Microbiology of Safe Food. Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. Harrigan, Wilkie F. Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. Chicago: Academic Press, 1986. Hui, Yiu H. Food plant sanitation. Marcel Dekker Press, 2003. Lappin-Scott, Hilary M. and J. William Costerton. Microbial Biofilms . Cambridge University Press, 1995. Loken, Joan K. The HACCP Food Safety Manual. New York: Wiley Publisher, 1995. Longree, Karla, and Gertrude Armbruster. Quantity Food Sanitation. London: Wiley, 1996. Marriott, Norman G. , and Robert B. Gravani. Principles of Food Sa nitation. Springer Press, 2006. McLandsborough, Lynne. Food Microbiology Laboratory. New York: CRC Press, 2003. Stanga, Mario. Sanitation: Cleaning and Disinfection in the Food Industry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2009. Tamime, Adnan. CLEANING-IN-PLACE: Dairy, Food and Beverage Operations. Wiley-Blackwell Publisher, 2008. Anita How to cite Sanitation of Rooms and Equipments (Microbiology), Papers

Love Marriage vs Arrange Marriage Essay Example

Love Marriage vs Arrange Marriage Essay Whenever we talk of Indian wedding, we try to associate it with arranged marriages. Due to the social structure, the concept of arranged marriage is prevalent in the Indian wedding scenario, since ages. On the other hand, love marriages were considered as a taboo among many Indian people, who do not have a modern outlook of life. For them, two people should tie the wedding knot only with the consent of their parents and the blessings of their relatives. Nonetheless, love marriages are prevalent in almost all the societies of India, given the fact that they are still considered inferior to the weddings arranged by many parents in the country. People supporting the concept of love marriage strongly believe that it is very important to know the partner before marrying him/her. On the other hand, people who believe in solemnizing the wedding with the permission of parents and relatives think that arranged marriages are long lasting. In this article, we have discussed love marriage vis-a-vis arranged marriage. ProsCons: It is said that compromise is a factor that decides whether the marriage would work out or not. In case of love marriage, people might expect more from their partner, largely because they have fallen in love before marriage. This leads to lesser compromises, as the person expects more from his/her partner. On the other hand, compromise and adjustments form the foundation of arranged marriage, largely because the married couple does not have any preconceived notions or expectations from one another. The compromise factor might work wonders in case of most of the arranged marriages, while in love marriages, that might prove to be yet another cause for altercation. Due to this factor, people consider arranged marriage as long lasting and better than love marriage. In case of arranged marriage, the married couple could resort to their parents or acquaintance at the time of financial crises or other problems. In addition, if the marriage proves to be a failure, they have a number of people around them to put seek support or to put the blame on. Their parents would come forward to solve the problems between the couple, if they have married with the elders consent. This is the reason why arranged marriages are considered secure for the people in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Marriage vs Arrange Marriage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Love Marriage vs Arrange Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Love Marriage vs Arrange Marriage specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the other hand, the couples who have solemnized love marriage would have to tackle all their crises on their own, because they might have been separated from their family. Resentment drives the parents and the relatives to remain dormant in case the married couple wants any financial or moral support a common sight seen in love marriages in India. Due to this factor, many people do not want to marry without their parents consent, because they would be ultimately cut off from the family ties.